During execution of construction works for a typical building, there are different items to be attended to, They can be classified as Preliminaries, Carcass,Finishes and external works.
Preliminaries are the works or tasks required to be carried out to allow an undisrupted flow of the main works. Carcass can be likened to the skeleton of the building, Finishes is largely self explanatory and includes plastering,doors,windows, painting etc.
External works captures any work within the site excluding the building.
PRELIMINARIES:
Preliminary Items are usually composed of the following items, they may be more or less depending on the type of project:
- Contracts
- Tools and vehicles.
- Scaffolding
- Site Administration and Security.
- Transportation
- Protection of the work
- Water supply for works
- Temporary lighting and power for works
- Telephone
- Site access
- Temporary accommodation
- Health and safety
- Clearing/ carting away – removal of dirt and rubbish
- Insurances
- Schedules, charts etc. showing the progress of work and activities
- Cleaning, clearing and Handover.
CARCASS
Carcass refers to the building skeleton and starts from foundation to roofing of the building…For a one storey building, typically includes:
Foundation (Strip foundation for example)
- Setting out of buildings
- Digging of foundation
- Casting of blinding
- Laying of blocks
- Installation of metal bars to columns
- Casting of columns
- Filling foundation
- Ramming of foundation
- Laying of water proof
- Installation of side formwork
- Casting the ground floor slab
Ground floor
- Setting out of block work
- Building up block walls leaving space for openings, doors and windows as per drawings
- Installation of door and window lintels.
- Installation of formwork to columns and casting of same
- Build up of block work above lintel level
- Mechanical and electrical piping
Slab
- Installation of scaffold to support slab formwork
- Installation of formwork to slab, beams and stairs
- Installation of metal reinforcement to slab
- Installation of Plumbing/mechanical and electrical piping
- Casting of floor slab
First floor
- Setting out of block work
- Building up block walls leaving space for openings, doors and windows as per drawings
- Installation of door and window lintels.
- Installation of formwork to columns and casting of same
- Build up of block work above lintel level
- Mechanical and electrical piping
- Casting of perimeter roof beam
Roof level
- Parapet formation and casting if required
- Installation of wood truss
- Installation of roofing sheets and ridges
- Lightening arrestor
FINISHES:
- Plastering
- POP ceilings
- Doors installation
- Windows installation
- Window trims and other decorations
- Wiring
- Tiling
- Sanitary wares installation
- Cabinets
- Sockets and switches installation
- Lighting fittings installtion
- Other required fittings eg CCTV Camera
- Painting
EXTERNAL WORKS
- Gates
- Gate house
- Fences
- Paving
- Soft landscaping
- Borehole
- Septic tank
- Power connection
- Site Security features
- Underground cables/piping
- Water stanchion
- Site lighting